Air France SWOT Analysis and Organisational Culture

give vent France SWOT Analysis and Organisational Culture zephyr France-KLM is an transnational melodic lineline club and a member of the Skyteam send outline go againstnership. The company was formed on May 2004, following the merger of Air Frances and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (KLM), indeed creating the worlds largest airline gathering by earnings and second largest worldwide despatch operator in name of revenue-tonne kilometers. The company operates under two major(ip) net works hubs, Paris-CDG and Amsterdam-Schiphol. The Companys iii main line of merchandisees ar rider exaltationation, cargo operations, engineering and maintenance. The company counts more(prenominal) than mavin hundred thousands employees all(a) over the world. Passenger transports being the major art of the company with more than lead hundred destinations worldwide. The majority of the employees are based in France and the Netherlands. both(prenominal) Air France and KLM continue to operate fli ghts under their distinct soil names as subsidiaries of Air France-KLM.LIST OF ACCRONYMSAF Air FranceNWA Northwest AirlineCSR Corporate Social ResponseMRO Maintenance Repair and OverallCDG Charles de GaulleIT Information engineering scienceE M Engineering and MaintenanceGDP Domestic Growth ProductHR Human ResourceCHAPTER 1 Introduction carriage FRANCE KLMAIR FRANCE KLM is the combination of two big airlines such as Air France and KLM. Since their merger in 2004, KLM works closely with Air France within the AIR FRANCE KLM holding company. In terms of financial turnover, AIR FRANCE KLM is the worlds largest airline partnership it also transports the some passengers and is the worlds second-largest cargo transporter. Air France and KLM carrymore than 71 million passengers per family. They operate more than594 aircraft enabling them to fly to236 destinations worldwide with 2,500 daily flights. The two airlines world networks can be combined, forming a vast network organi zed around the two major hubs of Amsterdam-Schiphol and Paris-CDG. The head offices are located at Amstelveen and Paris.AlitaliaAIR FRANCE KLM and Alitalia agreed to strengthen their partnership in January 2009 by AIR FRANCE KLM taking a kidity interest in Alitalia. The agreement gave AIR FRANCE KLM greater access to the Italian market.SkyTeam AllianceSkyTeam is a global airline alliance which includes AirEuropa, Air France, Alitalia, China Southern Airlines,, Delta Air Lines, Aeroflot, Kenya Airways, KLM, Korean Air (including Northwest Airlines), CSA Czech Airlines, Tarom and Vietnam Airlines, Aeromxico. Air France and KLM are members of the SkyTeam alliance.IncomeOver the fiscal year 2009-2010 the turnover of Air France-KLM was 20.9 billion euros. Together, the two airlines concur over 107.000 employees. For more information on AIRFRANCE KLM Finance, pleasego to www.airfranceklm-finance.com.SharesThe Air France-KLM shares are listed in Amsterdam, Paris and New York.AimAir Fra nce-KLM comprises a holding company which controls two airlines, Air France and KLM, each of which retains its own separate identity and home runs. The group is the worlds largest air transport group in terms of revenue, second largest in terms of air traffic (in passenger-km) and cargo (ton freight-km), and third largest in terms of maintenance revenue. Both airlines run their own operations from their respective hubs Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Amsterdam-Schiphol.PassengersPassenger transport is the largest of the groups three core businesses, generating around 80%of its revenues (as of 31 March 2008), with 74.8 million passengers carried.CargoCargo was the first fully-integrated commercial activity at Air France-KLM in 2005. guest companies now have a single point of entry, and a full, simplified offering with flights departing from both hubs and benefiting from both networks. Air France-KLM Cargo ranks first worldwide among air freight carriers (excluding integrators).Maintenan ceThe combination of Air France Industries and KLM Engineering Maintenance allows the group to offer a comprehensive range of aircraft maintenance and overhaul services with antonymous areas of specialization. Maintaining the two fleets accounts for two-thirds of the groups maintenance operations, further supplemented by maintenance repair and overall (MRO) operations for 150 third-party airlines.Mission and VisionThe mission of Air France KLM is to provide its customers a juicy quality service adaptable to their changing needs. The overall vision is to perish the worlds biggest and leading airline company.Company BackgroundAir FranceAir France founded on 7 October 1933. The priming of the company has been striking by a result of milest angiotensin-converting enzymes, including investing the acquired hood of UTA in early January 1990 and the combination with Air overwhelm in 1997. Air France and Delta Air Lines joined forces with Aeromxico and Korean Air to launch the Sky Te am alliance in June 2000. Air Frances main hub at Paris-Charles de Gaulle is Europes make out one in terms of connecting opportunities.KLMMeanwhile KLM was first founded on 7 October 1919 being the oldest airline still operating under its true name. The new-madely background has been marked by the formation of a joint venture with Northwest Airlines (NWA) in 1989 and its achievement of the investment of Kenya Airways in 1996. KLM has Amsterdam Airport Schiphol as its menage base.Air France and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines have become the largest European airline group Since May 2004 except each airline has retained its individual identity, mint name and brand which mean three businesses, two airlines, and one groupSWOT Analysis of Air FranceMullins (2007) explained that, in order to evaluate the nature of the business environs and its strategic capability an disposal may undertake a SWOT analysis foc workouts on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats facing the instit ution.(S)TRENGTHSStrengths are those positive aspects or distinctive attributes or competencies which provide a significant market advantage or upon which the face can build. Against a backdrop of annexdLiberalization which serves to intensify competition, the useful growth strategy plays to the groups strengths, the following are the air France KLM group strengths.A modern fleet the groups chief as disciplineGuaranteeing energy and stinting efficiency and greater synthetic rubber takes, the groups aircraft fleet is its chief asset when it comes to meeting the challenges of sustainable development.The dual Roissy Schiphol hub and a balanced networkThe Air France and KLM route networks complement each separate extremely well. The dual hub concept is central to group strategy and is designed to make the most of this.The benefit of dual brand strategyAir France and KLM took an original approach to the merger, choosing to retain the two brands while developing a unified strategy . Air France and KLM each enjoy strong brand identities and are extremely complementary. compound competitiveness thanks to cost controlTo maintain its competitiveness, the group launched Challenge 10,designed to save 1.4 billion euros by 2009-10, through a 3% cut in unit costs. The plan is four-prongedProcess optimization and productivity gainsFleet modernization, which allow generate fuel and maintenance cost savingsPurchasing, and optimizing group synergiesExternal scattering costs.The development of high growth areasThe groups ambition is to seize growth opportunities in countries driving global economic growth, mainly Brazil, Russia, India and China. In the years ahead, the Air France-KLM group plans to grow by 4.7% per year in terms of available seat-km on its long-haul network.(W)EAKNESSESWeaknesses are those negative aspects or deficiencies in the present competencies or alternatives of the organization, or its compass or reputation, which limit its effectiveness and nee ded to be corrected to minimize their effect.International economic instabilityFaced with soaring oil prices, international economic instability, and signs of waning demand, air transport has entered a period of great uncertainty. Our Group can count on its strategic assets, the quality of its fuel hedging and its hell-bent insurance policy of cost control to meet this challenging period of turbulence and low visibility(O)PPORTUNITIESOpportunities are favorable conditions and usually arise from the nature of changes in the external environment. The organization needs to be sensitive to the problems of business strategy and responsive to changes.Sustained demandsIn an increasingly global society, the demand for mobility is also increasing. Air transport is a hear factor in a countrys economy. Over the last 20 years, air transport has grown twice as readily as gross domestic product (GDP). In 2008, the rapid development of emerging countries is stimulating growth in Latin America, the Middle East and Asia. This will compensate for the slowdown in the US economy. As for the future, IATA forecasts an increase in global capacity of around 5% per year by 2011.A diagnose contribution to the economyAir transport carries over 2 billion passengers one-yearly. Tons of cargo shipped by air each year represent 35% of the total value of export trade in manufactured goods. By connecting mess, businesses and goods around the world, air transport makes an internal contribution to global economic activity. Both guidely and as a promoter of growth in opposite industries.(T)HREATSThreats are the converse of opportunities and refer to unfavorable situations that arise from external developments likely to bring out the operations and effectiveness of the organization. Air France KLM like any other organizations is faced with a number of threats, these includesIncreased pressureGrowth in European low-priced carriers has been strong for some years and Middle Eastern carri ers are planning considerable expansion Gulf carriers plan 20% seat growth per year for the next three years. This represents stiff competition for European airlines on traffic between Europe and Asia or Australia.Development limited by infrastructuresEurope is experiencing air traffic congestion, leading to significant delays, increased costs and CO2 emissions. This is partly a result of the fragmentation of airspace and of the air traffic control process. there is considerable room for melioratement. For 10 million flights a year, it is estimated that the actual route flown is 5% longer than ideal. For some routes, such as Amsterdam-Zrich, it is even 20%. The annual cost of fragmented European skies is estimated at 3.4 billion euros.A sector subject to heavier taxationAir transport is subject to strict regulation, mainly regarding security, guard duty and infrastructure. The sector is also subject to high charges, among them airport or navigation charges, plus dedicated fees to finance security. Moreover, air transport is the only means of transport to finance soundproofing measures, as it does in numerous European countries.Climate change awarenessGeneral awareness of the reality of climate change continued to increase in 2007. This was coupled with local environmental constraints that have always affected air transport activities. Air transport accounts for between 2 and 3% of all man-made CO2 emissions. In Europe, its relative contribution will increase ascribable to growth in traffic and the expected reduction of emissions in other industries. In the past 40 years, the sector has made considerable progress, reducing CO2 emissions per passenger by more than 70%.SummaryIn kindle of its merger Air France KLM is still operating under its identity and brand name with their home bases located at Amsterdam airport Schiphol for KLM and Paris-Charles de Gaulle for Air France. The main core duties of the airline are to transport passengers, cargo and engineer ing and maintenance. As any other organization Air France KLM has the opportunities to grow much bigger and become the first largest airline company in the world. One group, two airlines, three businesses.Organisational structureThe pattern of relationship between various positions in the organization and among members of the organization is referred as structure. Organization is essentially a group of people with a common objective or goal to archive. The structure can either be formal i.e. documented or informal i.e. unofficial.Mullins (2007) defined, Organization Structure as the division of work among members of the organization, and the co ordination of their activities so they are directed towards the goals and objectives of the organization. It is the relationships among positions in the organization and among members of the organization. It makes possible the application of process of focus and creates a framework of order and command through which the activities of the or ganization can be planned, organized, directed, and controlled. It defines tasks and responsibilities, work fictional character and relationships, and channels of colloquy.Essentially there are various types of organizational structures depending on the nature of organization, such as centralized, complex, stratified and formalized structures. An effective structure is the one that coordinates various parts of the organization and different work areas. Meanwhile the structure of the organization can either be tall i.e. with a long ranked chain of command where the freedom and debt instrument of the subordinates is restricted or flat i.e. with a short chain of command, there is more effective between management and workers but employees may have more than one manager. However both of two structures above are highly affected by the number of employees who reports direct to a certain manager that is Span of Control. Hellriegel et al (1998) explained, that bitstock of control refe rs to the number of employees reporting directly to one manager. When the span of control is broad, relatively a couple of(prenominal) levels exists between the top and bottom of the organization. Conversely when the span of control is narrow, more levels are required for the same number of employees. Although there is no correct number of subordinates that a manager can supervise effectively, the competencies of both the manager and employees, the similarity of tasks being supervised and the extent of rules and operating standards all influence a managers span of control.Organisational cultureAccording to Hellriegel et al (1998), the organization itself has an invisible quality a certain style, a character, a way of doing things that may be more healthy than the dictates of any one mortal or any formal system. Armstrong M (2006) defined, organizational culture as the pattern of value, norms, beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions that may not have circulated but shape the ways in which people behave and get things done. Values refer to what is believed to be important somewhat how people and organizations behave norms are the oral rules of behavior. To understand the soul of the organization requires that we travel below the charts, rule books, machines, and buildings into the underground world of corporate cultures. Indeed there are several ways in which organizational cultures are formed, maintained and changed. Meanwhile there is a very possible relationship between organizational culture and exertion, the relationship between organizational culture and ethical behavior, the challenge of managing a culturally diverse work force and finally how organizations heartyize individuals to their particular cultures. at that place are several types of organization cultures, these includes labels of baseball team, club, academy and fortress. Organizational culture represents a complex pattern of beliefs, expectations, ideas, values, attitudes and behaviors shar ed by the members of an organization. More specifically, organizational culture includes routine behaviors, norms, and dominant values held by organization.Essentially the issue of cultural differences and cultural compatibility in mergers between Air France and KLM has gained much attention among the two companies. Since the two companies operate under its brand name and culture, the effects of cultural clashes on the result of a merger and their employees are numerous. heathen differences may result to poor or low reproductive behaviour among the employees, such as low level of commitment, trust and cooperation between the groups of employees from the two merging companies. Loss of productivity caused by luck of trust and cooperation is especially frequent in case of top managers. This is because cultural clash is strongest when the contact between the opposing cultures is greatest and executives is the people involved in the merger from its get down till its end. This is a ver y bad sign for companies, since motivation and commitment of the top managers has a major influence on the motivation of other subordinates. Cultural differences mainly influence employees of the merging companies, but perceived cultural distance may also influence potential foreign investors and shareholders who may want to repeal direct ownership because of high information costs and the difficulty in transferring management techniques and values. Organization cultural aspects may be beautiful both for the investors, who materialise the business models of the foreign partner a considerable advantage and for the managers who expect more opportunities for themselves by operative for the partner firm, which they perceive to be high prestige worldwide leader firm and which corporate culture better addresses their expectations. In this situation managers are willing to adopt new culture. Whether cultural differences hinder or facilitate the integration process, their meaning is unde niable. Only some of them notice the complexity of the international mergers where not only two different organisational cultures come together, but organisational cultures which are deeply nested in national cultures. Common cultural differences embrace differences in communication styles, planning and decision making practices, negotiation strategies, and management or leadership styles. All of them are shaped by both national and organisational cultures, considering the role managers play in the merger and post-merger integration process, it is at the top management level that national cultural differences play the most important role in the life of merging organisations. That is why Air France KLM before making any decisions and signing any contracts should conduct an in depth cultural audit of the future partner. It is important to realise that cultural distance and cultural differences do not inescapably have to mean troubles. Cultures do not have to be the same it is suffi cient if they are complementary. Consequently, the major advantage of such a cultural due diligence is that it raises awareness of issues that should be managed during the integration process.Leadership and managementAs Hellriegel et al (1998), defines leadership as the process whereby a person influences others to achieve a goal, i.e. is a process of creating a vision for others and having the power to translate the vision into reality. The ways in which leaders attempt to influence others depend in part of the power available to them and in part on their competencies. Leaders draw on five sources of power to influence the actions of others legitimate, reward, coercive, referent and expert. Vision, empowerment, meaning through communication and self understanding are the competencies that help leaders become more effective. Mullins (2007) defined management is active, not theoretical. It is about changing behavior and making things happen. It is about developing people, working wit h them, reaching objectives and achieving results. Indeed, all the research into how managers spend their time reveals that they are creatures of the moment, perpetually immersed in the nitty gritty of making things happen.Teamworking and MentoringAs defined by Katzenbach and Smith (1993) cited in Armstrong M (2006), A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.For example, after KLM and Air France merged, management decided to create teams of people from both companies to exchange information about particular topics. The most valuable part is the intangible part, teaming up the guy from IT with the CRM guy from marketing, with the network planning guy, who normally dont speak together.Resourcing and TrainingAccording to Bratton Gold (2007), human resource planning is the process of systematically forecasting the future demand and supply for emp loyees and the deployment of their skills within the strategic objectives of the organisation. Armstrong M (2006) said, people resourcing is concerned with ensuring that the organization obtains and retains the human capital it needs and employs them productively. It is also about those aspects of employment practice that are concerned with welcoming people to the organization and if there is no alternative, releasing them. It is a key part of human resource management. Mullins (2007) explained that, one of the major areas of human resource management function of particular relevance to the effective management and use of people is training and development. Few would argue against the importance of training as a major influence on the success of the organization. Staffs are crucial, but very dearly-won resource. In order to sustain economic and effective performance it is important to optimize the contribution of employees to the aims and goals of the organization. The purpose of t raining is to improve knowledge and skills and to change attitudes. It is one of the most important potential motivators which can lead to many possible benefits for both individuals and organization.Since the combination of Air France KLM, each company has kept its own set of policies, especially for Human Resources issues, while developing new common policies in some other areas. Air France-KLM rates as the sector leader on human resources issues and actively addresses all of the challenges relevant to its business Overall, Air France KLMs performance on human resources issues remains stable compared to the last rating. Alongside the environment of the recent merger, severe competition and tough boundaries, the major labour relations issues for the company are to develop employability and staff mobility, essentially through training and proactive social exchange of ideas. Other critical issues for the company entail promoting non discrimination, diversity, and equal opportunities, and safeguarding health and safety in the work interject.Communication skillsCook et al (1997) describes that, communication begins when one person sends a message to another with the intent of evoking a response. The effective communication occurs when the receiver interprets the message exactly as the sender intended. Effective communication is essential for the functioning of any organization. Managers need to transmit orders, and polices, build cooperation and team spirit, and identify problems and their solutions.Performance and MotivationArmstrong M (2006) defined a motive is a cause for doing something. Motivation is concerned with the factors that influence people to behave in certain ways. All organizations are concerned with what should be done to achieve sustained high levels of performance through people. Giving close attention to the individuals can best be motivated through such means as incentives, rewards, leadership and importantly, the work they do and the organi zation context within which they carry out that work. Essentially motivation can take place in two ways such as people can motivate themselves (intrinsic motivation) by seeking, finding and carrying out work that satisfies their needs and secondly people can be motivated by management (extrinsic motivation) through such methods as pay, praise, promotion and punishments such as disciplinary action. In terms of career management, AF-KLM has put increased emphasis on developing careers for older employees. Extensive means are put in place to deal with health and safety issues, although key performance indicators are not disclosed on a group-wide basis, but separately for Air France and KLM. Air France KLM is one of the few companies who show transparency on how to deal with atypical working hours.Air France-KLM has an above average performance compared to its sector peers on Business Behaviour issues. The Group scores very well on its product safety and security commitments and has tho rough commitments and implementation measures on responsible contractual agreements, making its management of client issues among the best in the sector. The Groups performance in terms of passenger satisfaction has been stable over the past three years. Air France-KLMs approach to suppliers issues (embedded in its Procurement Charter for Sustainable Development) and anticompetitive practices is similarly comprehensive, although AF-KLM faced a minor allegation related to anti-competitive employment legislation. Overall, the Groups performance improved slightly compared to last rating, and remains far above the sector average.Management systemsEarlier this year, Air France-KLM introduced a new combined executive management structure on a functional basis, replacing the separate management structures in Air France and KLM. In place of the Strategic Management Committee, which had supervised the development of Air France and KLM over 2004.2007, the business is being managed from 2007 t hrough an Executive Committee whose members has a group level responsibility and can come from either Air France or KLM while retaining their responsibilities at a company level.Management of changeHellriegel et al (1998) explained, many sectors of the economy, organizations must have the capacity to adapt quickly and effectively in order to survive. To a certain extent all organizations exist in a changing environment and are themselves constantly changing. Increasingly organizations that emphasize bureaucratic or mechanistic system are ineffective. Organizations with rigid hierarchies, high degrees of functional specialization, narrow and limited agate line descriptions, in on the table rules and procedures, and impersonal management cant respond adequately to demands for change. Organizations need designs that are flexible and adaptive. They also need systems that both require and allow greater commitment and use of talent on the part of employees and managers.Organisational cha nge can be difficult and costly. Despite the challenges, many organizations successfully make needed changes. Adaptive, flexible organizations have a competitive advantage over rigid ones. Thus managing change has become a central focus of effective organization worldwide. There are so many pressures for change, these includes global market, the spread of information technology and computer networks and changes in the nature of the workforce employed by organizations.Thereby, we conclude for the organization to exist there must be innovation process to constantly integrate with the new technologies worldwide. Air France KLM has managed to cop with those technological changes at various aspects so as to comply with customer needs, these includes the revolution of electronic ground services. Air France KLM satisfied the demand autonomy and transparency expressed by passengers. The company is extending the use of the current technologies, i.e. mainstreaming electronic ticketing, extend ing check in at self service kiosk. The spread of e service offers the company genuine opportunities to reduce the cost and improve quality of service and customer satisfaction. Combination of internet or self service check in is a key e service role replacing the paper ticket with the electronic ticket. This reduces the stress generated by loosing or forgetting ones airline ticket. Meanwhile the service is only accessible at the time of interlocking either on web, telephone or at ticket office. As a part of change management the Air France KLM maintain development policy by cutting down on paper use. The self service kiosks can be used by customers without internet access to check in at a self service.Conclusion and RecommendationsAir France-KLM is pursuing a strategy of customer-focused profitable growth, based on ongoing cost focus and the synergism between the two airlines. A prerequisite for profitable growth is operating on a level playing field. The complementarity of Ai r France and KLM in their three businesses (passenger, cargo and maintenance) is a source of significant synergies